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Jawaharlal Nehru Hindustani:  ( listen); 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as "Uncle Nehru" (Chacha Nehru).

The son of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani, Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple, where he trained to be a barrister. Upon his return to India, he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court, and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. A committed nationalist since his teenage years, he became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the prominent leader of the left-wing factions of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire Congress, with the tacit approval of his mentor, Gandhi. As Congress President in 1929, Nehru called for complete independence from the British Raj and instigated the Congress's decisive shift towards the left.

Nehru and the Congress dominated Indian politics during the 1930s as the country moved towards independence. His idea of a secular nation-state was seemingly validated when the Congress, under his leadership, swept the 1937 provincial elections and formed the government in several provinces; on the other hand, the separatist Muslim League fared much poorer. But these achievements were seriously compromised in the aftermath of the Quit India Movement in 1942, which saw the British effectively crush the Congress as a political organisation. Nehru, who had reluctantly heeded Gandhi's call for immediate independence, for he had desired to support the Allied war effort during the Second World War, came out of a lengthy prison term to a much altered political landscape. The Muslim League under his old Congress colleague and now bête noire, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, had come to dominate Muslim politics in India. Negotiations between Nehru and Jinnah for power sharing failed and gave way to the independence and bloody partition of India in 1947.

Nehru was elected by the Congress to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, although the question of leadership had been settled as far back as 1941, when Gandhi acknowledged Nehru as his political heir and successor. As Prime Minister, he set out to realise his vision of India. The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950, after which he embarked on an ambitious program of economic, social and political reforms. Chiefly, he oversaw India's transition from a colony to a republic, while nurturing a plural, multi-party democracy. In foreign policy, he took a leading role in Non-Alignment while projecting India as a regional hegemon in South Asia.

Under Nehru's leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962. He remained popular with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his final years and failure of leadership during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. In India, his birthday is celebrated as Children's Day.Jawaharlal Nehru in 1947




1st Prime Minister of India
In office
15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964
Monarch     George VI
(until 26 January 1950)
President     Rajendra Prasad
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Governor General     The Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
(until 26 January 1950)
Deputy     Vallabhbhai Patel
Preceded by     Position established
Succeeded by     Gulzarilal Nanda (Acting)
Minister of Defence
In office
31 October 1962 – 14 November 1962
Preceded by     V. K. Krishna Menon
Succeeded by     Yashwantrao Chavan
In office
30 January 1957 – 17 April 1957
Preceded by     Kailash Nath Katju
Succeeded by     V. K. Krishna Menon
In office
10 February 1953 – 10 January 1955
Preceded by     N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Succeeded by     Kailash Nath Katju
Minister of Finance
In office
13 February 1958 – 13 March 1958
Preceded by     Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar
Succeeded by     Morarji Desai
In office
24 July 1956 – 30 August 1956
Preceded by     Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh
Succeeded by     Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar
Minister of External Affairs
In office
15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964
Preceded by     Position established
Succeeded by     Gulzarilal Nanda
Personal details
Born     14 November 1889
Allahabad, North-Western Provinces, British India
(now in Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died     27 May 1964 (aged 74)
New Delhi, India
Political party     Indian National Congress
Spouse(s)     Kamala Kaul
Children     Indira Gandhi
Parents     Motilal Nehru and Swaruprani Thussu
Alma mater     Trinity College, Cambridge
Inns of Court
Profession     Barrister
writer
politician
Signature    

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Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India. He was the son of Swaroop Rani and Motilal Nehru, a wealthy lawyer and a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement. The Nehru family belonged to the saraswat Brahmin caste